Pressure To Flow Calculator

Orifice Flow Equation:

\[ Q = C_d A \sqrt{\frac{2 \Delta P}{\rho}} \]

Discharge Coefficient (C_d):

unitless

Area (A):

m²

Pressure Drop (ΔP):

Density (ρ):

kg/m³

Flow Rate (Q):

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1. What is the Orifice Flow Equation?

The orifice flow equation calculates the volumetric flow rate through an orifice based on pressure difference, fluid density, and orifice characteristics. It's widely used in fluid mechanics and engineering applications for flow measurement and system design.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the orifice flow equation:

\[ Q = C_d A \sqrt{\frac{2 \Delta P}{\rho}} \]

Where:

\( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
\( C_d \) — Discharge coefficient (unitless)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area of orifice (m²)
\( \Delta P \) — Pressure drop across orifice (Pa)
\( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)

Explanation: The equation relates flow rate to the square root of pressure difference, accounting for energy losses through the discharge coefficient.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is essential for designing fluid systems, sizing pipes and valves, optimizing process efficiency, and ensuring proper system operation in various engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter discharge coefficient (typically 0.6-0.9 for sharp-edged orifices), area in square meters, pressure drop in Pascals, and fluid density in kg/m³. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient (C_d)?
A: The discharge coefficient accounts for energy losses and flow contraction through the orifice. It depends on orifice geometry and Reynolds number.

Q2: What are typical C_d values?
A: For sharp-edged orifices: 0.6-0.65; for rounded orifices: 0.9-0.98. The exact value depends on specific design and flow conditions.

Q3: When is this equation applicable?
A: The equation applies to incompressible fluids flowing through orifices where the pressure drop is significant compared to the upstream pressure.

Q4: What are the limitations of this equation?
A: Assumes steady flow, incompressible fluid, and neglects viscosity effects beyond the discharge coefficient. Not suitable for compressible flows without modification.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Accuracy depends on correct C_d value and proper measurement of parameters. For precise applications, experimental calibration may be necessary.