Pipe Flow Rate Calculator

Continuity Equation:

\[ Q = \frac{\pi D^2}{4} \times v \]

Flow Rate (Q):

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1. What is the Continuity Equation?

The continuity equation describes the conservation of mass in fluid dynamics. For incompressible fluids flowing through a pipe, it states that the flow rate remains constant along the pipe, relating cross-sectional area to fluid velocity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the continuity equation:

\[ Q = \frac{\pi D^2}{4} \times v \]

Where:

\( Q \) — Flow rate (m³/s)
\( D \) — Pipe diameter (m)
\( v \) — Fluid velocity (m/s)
\( \pi \) — Mathematical constant (3.1416)

Explanation: The equation calculates the volumetric flow rate by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the pipe by the average velocity of the fluid.

3. Importance of Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Flow rate calculation is essential for designing piping systems, determining pump sizes, calculating pressure drops, and ensuring efficient fluid transport in various engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter pipe diameter in meters and fluid velocity in meters per second. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the continuity equation used for?
A: It's used to calculate flow rates in piping systems, design hydraulic systems, and analyze fluid behavior in various engineering applications.

Q2: What are typical flow rate values in pipes?
A: Flow rates vary widely depending on pipe size and application, ranging from 0.001 m³/s for small pipes to over 10 m³/s for large pipelines.

Q3: Does this equation work for all fluids?
A: This equation is valid for incompressible fluids like water and most liquids. For compressible fluids like gases, additional factors must be considered.

Q4: What are the limitations of this calculation?
A: Assumes steady, fully developed flow and constant fluid density. Does not account for friction losses, turbulence, or viscosity effects.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation for real-world applications?
A: Provides a good theoretical estimate, but actual flow rates may vary due to pipe roughness, fittings, and other system characteristics.