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Atomic Number Formula:
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The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It defines the chemical element and determines its position in the periodic table. Each element has a unique atomic number that distinguishes it from all other elements.
The atomic number is calculated using the fundamental formula:
Where:
Explanation: The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. This number is fundamental to the identity of the element and remains constant for all atoms of that element.
Details: The atomic number determines the chemical properties of an element, its position in the periodic table, and the number of electrons in a neutral atom. It is the most fundamental property for identifying elements.
Tips: Simply enter the number of protons in the atomic nucleus. The calculator will immediately display the atomic number. The number of protons must be a positive integer greater than zero.
Q1: What is the relationship between atomic number and mass number?
A: Atomic number (Z) equals the number of protons, while mass number (A) equals the number of protons plus neutrons. They are related but distinct concepts.
Q2: Can atomic number be zero?
A: No, atomic number cannot be zero. The smallest atomic number is 1 (hydrogen), as all atoms must contain at least one proton.
Q3: How does atomic number relate to electron configuration?
A: In a neutral atom, the atomic number equals the number of electrons, which determines the electron configuration and chemical properties.
Q4: Why is atomic number more important than atomic mass for element identification?
A: Atomic number uniquely identifies elements, while atomic mass can vary due to different isotopes of the same element.
Q5: Can two different elements have the same atomic number?
A: No, each element has a unique atomic number. This is the fundamental principle of the periodic table organization.